Selasa, 18 Agustus 2015

Reported statement, Question, Request and Orders

Indra Yudo Prasetyo
15214312
1EA31
Universitas Gunadarma
(softskill 2)




1.       Reported statements

Tense
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
Simple present
I love my family
She said that she loved her family
Present continous
I am watching the  film in the living room
She said that she was watching the film in the living room
Simple past
I cut the paper in to the pieces
She said she cut the paper in to the pieces
Past continous
I was running around the park
She said she had been running  around the park
Simple future
I will buy some bananas
She said she would buy some bananas

2.      Reported Question
Where do you buy?
She asked me where I bought
Where are the restaurants?
She asked me where the restaurants were
Do you hear me?
She asked me if I heard her
Are you falling in love?
She asked me if I was falling in love

3.       Reported request
Please lead me
She asked me to lead her
Please don’t go
She asked me not to go
Could you bring me an umbrella?
She asked me to bring her an umbrella

4.       Reported order
Turn off the lamp
She told me to turn off the lamp
Don’t cry, Lila
She told her not to cry


ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Indra Yudo Prasetyo
15214312
1EA31
Universitas Gunadarma
(softskill 1)




EXERCISE 1
Question Tag 1
1.      They want to come, ... ?
Answer : Don’t they ?
2.      Elizabeth is a dentist, ... ?
Answer : Isn’t she ?
3.      They will not be here, ... ?
Answer : are they ?
4.      There aren’t any problems, ... ?
Answer : are there ?
5.      That is your umbrella, ... ?
Answer : isn’t it ?
6.      George is a student, ... ?
Answer : isn’t he ?
7.      You’ve never been to Paris, ... ?
Answer : are you ?
8.      No body called on the phone, ... ?
Answer : did they ?
9.      Nothing is wrong, ... ?
Answer : are they ?
10.  She’ll help us later, ... ?
Answer : don’t she ?
11.  No body cheated on the exam, ... ?
Answer : did they ?
12.  Those aren’t fred’s books, ... ?
Answer : are they ?
13.  Everyone can learn how to swim, ... ?
Answer : don’t they ?











EXERCISE 2
Passive Voice 
Setelah sebelumnya belajar bahasa inggris sudah membahas tuntas tentang 12 tenses, kini tiba saatnya Belajar bahasa Inggris membahas tentang kalimat pasif (Passive Voice). Jika teman-teman masih bingung apa itu kalimat pasif (Passive Voice), yuk kita simak dahulu contoh di bawah ini. Semoga bermanfaat. Check this out!!!
a. Rini reads a novel (Active Voice)
b. Novel is read by Rini (Passive Voice)
Kita menggunakan Active Voice (kalimat aktif) untuk menyatakan APA YANG DILAKUKAN SUBJECT (pelaku). Di contoh a. Rini adalah subject yang melakukan tindakan 'reads a novel' (membaca sebuah novel). Sedangkan Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) digunakan untuk menyatakan APA YANG TERJADI PADA SUBJECT (pelaku). Di contoh b. Novel adalah subject yang menerima tindakan 'is read' (dibaca)
Singkatnya Active Voice (kalimat aktif) merujuk pada subject (pelaku) melakukan pekerjaan. Sedangkan Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) subject (pelaku) dikenakan pekerjaan.
A. Apa itu Passive Voice
Dari penjelasan di atas, sebenarnya kita bisa menarik sebuah pengertian mengenai passive voice. Passive voice merupakan struktur kalimat penulisan dalam bahasa Inggris yang mana subject (pelaku) dari kalimat tersebut dikenakan suatu pekerjaan. Passive voice tidak hanya ada dalam bahasa Inggris saja, dalam bahasa Indonesia kita mengenal Kalimat Pasif dengan perubahan yang sangat simple yaitu imbuhan di- / ter-. Misalkan Rini membaca sebuah novel (kalimat aktif) novel dibaca oleh Rini (kalimat pasif). Tetapi semudah itu kah perubahan dari Active Voice ke Passasive Voice?
B. Pola Passive Voice
Perubahan active voice ke passive voice tidak semudah perubahan kalimat aktif ke dalam kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Indonesia.
Pola:
S + Be + Verb-3 + By Agent
Ket:
S: Subjek
Be: Tobe
Verb-3: Kata kerja bentuk ketiga
By Agent: Pelaku
Contoh:
Rini    reads    Novel. (Active Voice)
 [S]    [V1]   [Object]
Novel      is          read      by Rini. (Passive Voice)
   [S]    [to be]     [V3]    [by agent]
Dalam pembuatan kalimat passive voice, kita tidak akan lepas dengan yang namanya tenses. Yup, karena dalam penentuan 'to be' pada kalimat passive voice tergantung pada tenses kalimat aktifnya.
Tenses
Active Voice
Passive Voice
Simpe Present
He buys a novel.
A novel is bought by him.
Present Continous
He is buying a novel.
A novel is being bought by him.
Present Perfect
He has bought a novel.
A novel has been bought by him.
Present Perfect Continous
He has been buying a novel.
A novel has been being bought by him.
Simple Past
He bought a novel.
A novel was bought by him.
Past Continous
He was buying a novel.
A novel was being bought by him.
Past Perfect
He had bought a novel.
A novel had been bought by him.
Past Perfect Continous
He had been buying a novel.
A novel had been being bought by him.
Simple Future
He will buy a novel.
A novel will be bought by him.
Future Continous
He will be buying a novel.
A novel will be being bought by him.
Future Perfect
He will have bought a novel.
A novel will have been bought by him.
Future Perfect Continous
He will have been buying a novel.
A novel will have been being bought by him.



B. Kalimat Yang Tidak Dapat Dipasifkan
Sebagaimana kita ketahui bawah hanya active voice (kalimat aktif) yang menggunakan verb (kata kerja) transitif (yang membutuhkan object) saja yang bisa dipasifkan. Misalkan:
He steals the television. (active voice)
the television is stolen by him. (passive voice)
Kalimat aktif di atas merupakan kalimat yang mengandung verb transtif yaitu 'steal' dan objek 'television'. Sebagaimana penjelasan di atas bahwa kalimat yang mengandung transtif verb itu lah yang bisa dipasifkan. Tapi tidak semua kalimat bahasa Inggris bisa dipasifkan. Berikut ini merupakan jenis-jenis kalimat tersebut.
1. Kalimat Nominal
Kalimat Nominal adalah kalimat bahasa Inggris yang membutuhkan tobe (am, is, are, was, were) sebagai kata kerja utama. Contoh:
I am beautiful.
He is sad.
They were tired.
Jenis kalimat tersebut di atas tidak dapat dipasifkan.
2. Kalimat Yang Menggunakan Intransitive Verb
Jenis kalimat yang ke dua yang tidak bisa dipasifkan adalah jenis kalimat yang mengandung verb (kata kerja) intransitif atau kata kerja yang tidak membutuhkan objek. Contoh:
I sleep there.
He arraives at home.
She dies.
Verb (kata kerja) intransitive seperti 'sleep', 'arrive' dan 'die' yang tidak memiliki objek tidak bisa dipasifkan.
3. Kalimat yang menggunakan Transitive Verb tertentu.
Saat kita ingin membuat kalimat pasif sarat utamanya adalah menggunakan Transitive Verb (kata kerja yang membutuhkan objek). Namun, ada pengecualian untuk Transitive Verb dibawah ini yang memang tidak bisa dipasifkan walaupun termasuk kedalam Transitive Verb. Transitif Verb di bawah ini termasuk ke dalam Stative Verbs, Seperti:
Lack (kurang) : Your mother lacks tact.
Fit (pas) : My shoes don't fit me.
Suit (Cocok) : This dress suits me well.
Have (memiliki) : They have a nice house.
Resemble (mirip) : Sylvia resembles a Greek goddness.
Jika sebuah kalimat aktif terdapat verb transitive seperti di atas (lack, fit, suit, have, dan resemble) termasuk kalimat aktif yang tidak dapat dipasifkan.
C. Penulisan By Agent
Dalam penulisan passive voice, kita biasanya menggunakan 'By' untuk menunjukan agent atau pelaku - orang atau benda yang melakukan pekerjaan atau yang menyebabkan sesuatu terjadi. Penulisan 'By Agent' pada kalimat passive voice ditujukan karena untuk menambah informasi dalam kalimat passive voice tersebut. Contoh:
This house was built by my grandfather.
This great novel was written by JJ. Tolkien
Tetapi tidak semua kalimat passive voice harus mencantumkan 'By Agent'. Kita boleh tidak menyertakan 'By Agent' dalam pembuatan passive voice jika orang atau benda yang melakukan pekerjaan tidak diketahui atau tidak penting. Contoh:
A lot of money was stolen in the robbery. (Tidak diketahui pelakunya)
The road is cleaned everyday. (Tidak terlalu penting pelakunya)
Semoga artikel di atas tentang Passive Voice bisa berguna dan menambah wawasan teman-teman semua tentang bahasa Inggris. Jika terdapat kesalahan dalam penulisan atau penjelasan, mohon kritik dan saran yang membangun dari teman-teman sekalian. Terima Kasih. ^_^
*Referensi:

Azar, Betty Schrampfer. 2002.English Grammar : Third Edition. New York: Longman. 
Coghill, Jeffrey and Stacy Magendanz. 2003. English Grammar. New York: Wiley Publishing, Inc. 
Murphy, Raymond. 2003. English Grammar in Use. New York: Cambridge University Press. 
Swan, Michael. 2005. Practical English Usage. New York: Oxford.
http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2013/11/penjelasan-passive-voice.html







EXERCISE 3
KALIMAT ACTIVE VOICE KE PASSIVE VOICE :
CONTOHNYA :
My mother is making a cake. (active)
A cake is being made by my mother. (passive)

She will hold a party. (active)
A party will be held by her. (passive)

The team has won the match.(active)
The match has been won by the team. (passive)
                                                                  
He would cancel the meeting. (active)
The meeting would be cancelled by him. (passive)
                                                                                               
They made this plane in Germany. (active)
This plane was made by them in Germany. (passive)


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